company news about Analysis of Types and Applications of LED Lenses

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Analysis of Types and Applications of LED Lenses

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Lens Fundamentals

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A lens, an optical component, is fundamentally crafted based on the laws of light refraction. It is typically made from transparent materials like glass or crystal. As a type of refractive element, its distinguishing feature is having either two spherical surfaces or one spherical surface combined with a flat plane. Through lenses, we observe the fascinating transformations between real and virtual images. Lenses play a pivotal role in the field of optics, and based on their shape, they are primarily categorized into two types: convex lenses and concave lenses. A lens thicker at the center than at the edges is called a convex lens, which comes in various forms including biconvex, plano-convex, and convex-concave. Conversely, a lens thinner at the center than at the edges is known as a concave lens, which also exists in forms such as bi concave, plano-concave, and concave-convex.

LED Lens Applications

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The application of lenses in the LED field is increasingly widespread. LED lenses, typically made of silicone material, are widely used for direct encapsulation on LED chips due to their high-temperature resistance. These silicone lenses are compact, with diameters mostly ranging from 3-10 mm. They not only enhance the light output efficiency of LEDs but also effectively alter the light field distribution of LEDs, providing robust support for optical systems.

1. PMMA Lenses‌
   PMMA Lenses: Fabricated from optical-grade PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate, commonly known as acrylic). This plastic material offers high production efficiency as it can be easily formed via injection molding or extrusion. Additionally, it boasts excellent light transmittance, achieving approximately 93% at a 3mm thickness. However, its operational temperature must not exceed 80°C, beyond which thermal deformation compromises performance.
2. PC Lenses‌
   PC Lenses: Made from optical-grade Polycarbonate (PC). This plastic material also features high production efficiency, allowing easy formation through injection molding or extrusion. Although its light transmittance is slightly lower than PMMA lenses, about 89% at 3mm thickness, PC lenses exhibit superior heat resistance. They can withstand temperatures up to 110°C, with a heat deflection temperature as high as 135°C, enabling excellent performance in certain high-temperature environments.
3. Glass Lenses‌
   Glass Lenses: Precisely manufactured from optical glass, they offer extremely high light transmittance, reaching 97% at a 3mm thickness. However, glass lenses have several drawbacks, including bulky size, heavy weight, limited shape diversity, fragility, difficulty in mass production, low production efficiency, and high cost.

LED Street Light Optical Design

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In road lighting, the optical design of LED street lights is crucial. Without proper light distribution, the light pattern projected by an LED street light onto the road surface appears as a large, circular spot led. This results in significant light spillage beyond the roadway, wasting energy. To optimize illumination, meet road surface requirements for brightness, illuminance, and uniformity, ensure light is primarily concentrated on the road, improve light utilization efficiency, and minimize unnecessary loss, specialized optical design for LED street lights is essential. After proper optical design, the ideal light pattern or spot projected by the LED street light onto the road surface should be rectangular.